Berlin wall map11/12/2022 East Germans could still escape through the city to the less oppressive and more affluent West. In 1952, the East German government closed the border with West Germany, but the border between East and West Berlin remained open. In 1949, Germany formally split into two independent nations: the Federal Republic of Germany (FDR or West Germany), allied to the Western democracies, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany), allied to the Soviet Union. Whereas Berlin was only politically divided between 19, the Berlin Wall made it physically divided. Germany became a focus of Cold War politics and as divisions between East and West became more pronounced, so too did the division of Germany. More than just a wall, it was a complex military system with two walls of 12 ft (3.6 m) high with battlements, 302 towers,14 000 guards, 600 dogs and countless barbed wire. Berlin map during Cold War including the Berlin Wall. The relationship between the former wartime Allies, although tense from as early as 1942, became increasingly strained as they struggled to reach agreement on the shape of post-war Europe.īy 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union had begun to emerge as ideologically opposed 'superpowers', each wanting to exert their influence in the post-war world. This photograph shows British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, American President Harry Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference on 23 July 1945.
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